Motherboard

If you want to know  how computers works, Firstly you need to know every single part of the motherboard. However, it is good to know some of the more important parts and  the motherboard that connect the various parts of a computer system together. Here are some important of the typical parts:


 The Olders motherboards components are these
The following list contains links to the components that are not shown in the pictures above or were part of the older computer motherboards.

1.BIOS
2.Bus
3.Cache memory
4.Chipset
5.Diodes
6.Dip switches
7.Electrolytic
8.Fuses
9.Game port and MIDI header.
10.Internal speakers
11.Keyboard controllers
12.LCC
13.Network headers
14.Obsolete expansion slots: AMR, CNR, EISA, ISA, and VESA.
15.Obsolete memory slots: SIMM.
16.Onboard LED
17.Parallel port headers
PS/2 header
18.Resistor
19.RTC
20.Serial port headers
21.Screw hole aka mounting hole.
22.SCSI
23.Solenoid
24.Voltage regulators and
VRM (voltage regulator modules).


Motherboards component


 Belows are link to page with the more details for each of the motherboards component mention in the previous section. The links are listed in clockwises order start from the top-left corners of the image. Components not labeled on the image abovecan be found in a section later in this documents.

The Expansions slot (PCI Express, PCI, and AGP).
3-pin case fan connectors.
Back pane connectors.
Heat sink.
4-pin (P4) power connector.
Inductors.
Capacitors.
CPU socket.
Northbridge.
Screw hole.
Memory slot.
Super I/O.
Floppy connection.
ATA / IDE disk drive primary connection.
24-pin ATX power supply connector.
Serial ATA connections.
Coin cell battery (CMOS backup battery).
RAID.
System panel connectors.
FWH.
Southbridges.
Serial port connector.
USB headers.
Jumpers.
Integrated circuits.
1394 headers.
SPDIF.
CD-IN.


Motherboard overview

A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware components of a computer, like the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card. There are more many and multiple types of motherboards, designed to fiting different types and sizes of computers.

Each types of  the motherboards is designed to work with specific types of processors and memory, so they are not capable of working with every processor and type of memory. However the  hard drives are mostly universaly and will work with the majority of motherboards, regardless of the type or brand.

Belows is the picture the ASUS P5AD2-E motherboard with labels next to each of its major components. Click on the image directs you to a large and more detailed version.

In the computers consist of the multiples printed circuits boards in a card-cage case with components connected by a backplane, a set of interconnected sockets.  These are old designs of coppers wires was the discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice. The Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, and peripherals were housed on individual printed circuit boards, which were plugged into the backplane. It's ubiquitous S-100 bus of the 1970s is an example of this type of backplane system it's mostly popularly  computers of the 1980s such as the Apple II and International Business Machines  Computer  had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse-engineering and third-party replacement motherboards. Many motherboards offered additional performance or other features and were used to upgrade the manufacturer's not duplicate it's  original equipments.

In the last time of 1980s and early 1990s, it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard. In the late 1980s, personal computer motherboards began to include single ICs (also called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. In the year of the 1990 year, a lot of numbers  computers motherboards including consumers-grades embedded audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end systems for three Dimensional  gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component. Business perform tasks like accounting,   , workstations, and servers were more likely to need expansion cards, either for more robust functions, or for higher speeds; those systems often had fewer embedded components.


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